Which of the following elements is NOT directly related to the case management process?

Medical billing is not directly related to the case management process, as it primarily involves the process of generating invoices for healthcare services rendered, ensuring that healthcare providers are reimbursed properly for their services. While important in the overall healthcare delivery system, medical billing focuses on the financial aspect rather than the comprehensive care management of patients.

In contrast, patient assessment, cost management, and care coordination are integral parts of the case management process. Patient assessment is critical for understanding the individual's health needs and creating personalized care plans. Cost management plays a role in ensuring that resources are utilized wisely and that care is both effective and efficient, ultimately influencing patient outcomes and system sustainability. Care coordination involves organizing patient care activities and sharing information among all participants concerned with a patient’s care to achieve safer and more effective care.